Nutrition is the process by which living organisms take in and utilize food to support their growth, maintenance, and overall health. It involves the intake of nutrients, which are substances that provide energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate vital bodily processes. These nutrients include:
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Macronutrients:
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy (calories) for the body, especially the brain and muscles.
- Proteins: Essential for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and supporting immune function.
- Fats: Provide a concentrated source of energy, support cell structure, protect organs, and assist in nutrient absorption.
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Micronutrients:
- Vitamins: Organic compounds that are essential for various biochemical functions, including immune support, energy production, and bone health.
- Minerals: Inorganic elements that help with functions like bone formation, nerve function, and fluid balance (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium).
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Water: Vital for maintaining hydration, supporting cellular functions, and regulating body temperature.
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Fiber: Though not a nutrient that provides energy, fiber is important for digestion and maintaining healthy bowel function.
Nutrition also involves the balance between these nutrients to promote health, prevent disease, and support energy needs. Proper nutrition can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve mental clarity, enhance physical performance, and improve overall well-being.
In essence, nutrition is about making informed food choices to fuel the body effectively and maintain good health.